Biomechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Plasma-Sprayed Fish Scale Hydroxyapatite (FsHA) and FsHA-Doped Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Coatings on Ti–6Al–4V Alloy for Biomedical Applications

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on metallic implants have been extensively used in orthopedic applications to improve tissue-implant interactions, enhance their biocompatibility, and functionality. However, the expensive synthetic HA is most widely bioceramic for implant coatings, leading high costs. Hence, this research explored potential of an inexpensive biogenic derived from fish scales FsHA/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) a Ti–6Al–4V alloy as alternative coatings. The FsHA/YSZ powders were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive (SEM/EDX), surface roughness, microhardness, corrosion resistance, bioactivity, vitro cytotoxicity also determined. morphological powder analysis revealed particles slightly irregular morphology fine spherical morphology, while coating microstructure lamellar partially melted unmelted FsHA particles, microcracks along evenly dispersed ZrO2 particles. roughness increased by 87.5% compared uncoated substrate, addition YSZ significantly reduced value. A 35.5% increase hardness was obtained + 20 wt.% coating, showed 43.2% reduction rate substrate; further 73% observed YSZ. after 14 days immersion simulated body fluid (SBF) enlarged cracks delaminated segments well-grown apatite spherulite layers whole good cell viability 95% at highest concentration specimen.